Dry Eye vs. Allergies: How to Tell the Difference

Itchy, watery, red eyes—many people assume these symptoms are just seasonal allergies. But what if they persist even when allergy season is over? Dry eye syndrome and allergic conjunctivitis share similar symptoms, making it difficult to determine the true cause of your discomfort. However, understanding the differences can help you find the right treatment and lasting relief.

While allergies are caused by an immune system response to allergens like pollen or pet dander, dry eye results from insufficient tear production or poor tear quality. This key difference means that the best treatment for one condition may not work for the other.

If you’ve been struggling with eye irritation, it’s important to recognize whether allergies or dry eye—or even both—are to blame.

Key Differences Between Dry Eye and Allergies

One of the biggest differences between dry eye syndrome and eye allergies is what triggers the symptoms.

• Allergies are caused by an immune response to allergens like pollen, dust, mold, or pet dander. The body releases histamines, leading to itching, swelling, and redness.
• Dry eye occurs when the eyes don’t produce enough quality tears to stay lubricated. It can be caused by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), hormonal changes, screen use, or environmental factors like wind or dry air.

Another key distinction is how the symptoms present:

• Itching is more common in allergies but is usually mild or absent in dry eye.
• Burning or grittiness is a hallmark symptom of dry eye but is less typical with allergies.
• Watery eyes can occur with both conditions. In allergies, it’s due to histamine release, while in dry eye, excessive tearing is a response to irritation.
• Mucus discharge is more common with allergies, while dry eye typically causes stringy mucus.

When It’s More Than Just Allergies

If eye irritation lingers long after allergy season, doesn’t improve with antihistamines, or worsens with prolonged screen time, dry eye may be the real issue. Many people with undiagnosed dry eye assume they have allergies and continue using allergy drops that provide little to no relief.

Unlike allergies, dry eye tends to worsen throughout the day, especially with activities like reading, working on a computer, or driving. Environmental triggers, such as air conditioning, wind, or low humidity, can also make symptoms worse.

Treating the Right Condition

Because dry eye and allergies have different causes, the right treatment approach is essential.

For allergies, antihistamine eye drops, artificial tears, and avoiding known allergens can help reduce irritation. Cold compresses can also provide relief from swelling and itching.

For dry eye, treatment should focus on improving tear production and restoring the natural tear film. While over-the-counter lubricating drops can provide temporary relief, they don’t address the root cause of dry eye, which is often due to meibomian gland dysfunction or chronic inflammation.

Advanced Dry Eye Treatment for Lasting Relief

If your symptoms don’t improve with allergy medications, it may be time to explore dry eye treatment. VisionQuest Eyecare offers advanced solutions that go beyond artificial tears and over-the-counter drops.

OptiLight IPL therapy reduces inflammation and stimulates the meibomian glands, helping the eyes produce healthier tears. OptiPLUS RF treatment improves hydration and supports long-term tear stability while also providing a cosmetic benefit by tightening the skin around the eyes.

Identifying whether your symptoms stem from allergies, dry eye, or both is the first step toward finding lasting relief. If you’re unsure what’s causing your discomfort, scheduling a comprehensive dry eye evaluation can help determine the right course of treatment. Don’t let persistent eye irritation go unchecked—book an appointment today to get the relief your eyes need.

Dr. Anjali Shah

Dr. Anjali Shah is an optometrist at VisionQuest Eyecare with a passion for helping others. She graduated from the State University of New York College of Optometry, with advanced training in pediatrics and ocular diseases through her internship and residency. She is a national speaker in the field of myopia management, qualified to prescribe advanced myopia management treatments to slow the condition’s progression.